Numerical simulations: Toward the design of 18.6% efficient and stable perovskite solar cell using reduced cerium oxide based ETL

Abstract

This work presents an extensive study of one of the potential alternatives in electron transport material (ETM) for perovskite solar cell (PSC). Reduced cerium oxide (CeOx) as an electron transport layer (ETL) is studied for different composition of oxygen and analysis with [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) interface layer thickness if stacked in between CeOx ETL and perovskite layer has also been done. A detailed investigation has been carried out, incorporating the mobility of CeOx due to small polaron hopping mechanism at the different composition of x, the effect of variation in doping concentration for CeOx and PCBM have also been studied and the optimum efficiency 18.2% is obtained for PSC. Furthermore, to improve the shortcomings in terms of hysteresis and moisture stability, a device is proposed incorporating carbon nanotube (CNT) layer stacked between perovskite and hole transport layer (HTL) which shows 18.6% conversion efficiency.