Abstract
The arc plasma behavior for gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with an external compound magnetic field was numerically investigated. A three-dimensional finite element model for the external magnetic field (EMF) and a three-dimensional finite volume model for the arc plasma were established. The effects of the EMF on the redistribution of the temperature, fluid flow, pressure, and electromagnetic force in the arc plasma were compared with traditional GMAW under the same welding parameters. The control mechanism of the external compound magnetic field on the arc plasma behavior was analyzed. The results show that the magnitude of the additional electromagnetic force was much lower than that of the self-induced electromagnetic force, but it caused forward inclination and periodic swinging of the arc plasma. When an EMF was applied, the peak temperature decreased, and the temperature distribution was more uniform. The peak pressure was also much smaller than that without an applied EMF.
Highlights
Electric arcs have been widely applied in several types of industrial manufacturing sectors, such as waste treatment, plasma cutting, and arc welding.1 In arc welding, an arc plasma is formed between the electrode and the workpiece, and the energy is transferred to the workpiece from the arc plasma to melt it and form the weld pool.2,3 the fluid flow, temperature, and pressure of the arc plasma are closely related to both the weld pool behavior and the welding quality
Experiments showed that the external magnetic field (EMF) changed the heat and mass transfer of the arc, which affects the fluid flow and heat distribution of the weld pool
These works primarily investigated the influence of EMF on weld formation and solidification behaviors through experiments
Summary
Electric arcs have been widely applied in several types of industrial manufacturing sectors, such as waste treatment, plasma cutting, and arc welding. In arc welding, an arc plasma is formed between the electrode and the workpiece, and the energy is transferred to the workpiece from the arc plasma to melt it and form the weld pool. the fluid flow, temperature, and pressure of the arc plasma are closely related to both the weld pool behavior and the welding quality. Experiments showed that the EMF changed the heat and mass transfer of the arc, which affects the fluid flow and heat distribution of the weld pool These works primarily investigated the influence of EMF on weld formation and solidification behaviors through experiments. To determine the physical mechanisms during magnetic-controlled welding processes, numerical simulations are needed to analyze the influence of the EMF on the heat transfer and fluid flow in the arc plasma and weld pool. Bachmann et al. simulated the fluid flow behavior in the weld pool as driven by a steady magnetic field during laser welding. The simulation results were loaded in the finite volume model (FVM) for a GMAW arc to study the effects of the compound EMF on temperature, fluid flow, pressure, and electromagnetic force. The interrelated results of the compound EMF and arc plasma behavior were analyzed and compared with the experimental results
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