Numerical Simulation of Williamson Nanofluid Flow over an Inclined Surface: Keller Box Analysis

Khuram Rafique,Hammad Alotaibi

doi:10.3390/app112311523

Abstract

The study of nanofluids has become a key research area in mathematics, physics, engineering, and materials science. Nowadays, nanofluids are widely used in many industrial applications to improve thermophysical properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, convective heat transfer, and viscosity. This article discusses the effects of heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Williamson nanofluid over an inclined stretching surface. The impact of Williamson factor on velocity field is investigated numerically using Keller box analysis (KBA). Suitable similarity transformations are used to recover ordinary differential equations (ODEs) from the boundary flow equations. These ordinary differential equations are addressed numerically. The numerical computations revealed that energy and species exchange decrease with rising values of magnetic field. Moreover, it is found that increasing the chemical reaction parameter increases the Nusselt number and decreases skin friction. Further, the effect of Lewis parameter diminishes energy transport rate. In the same vein, it is also observed that increasing the inclination can enhance skin friction, while the opposite occurred for the energy and species transport rate. As given numerical computations demonstrate, our results are in reasonable agreement with the reported earlier studies.

Highlights

IntroductionIn the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the development of nanotechnology due to its potential to provide a considerable enhancement in heat transmittance and transport properties than base fluids
The heat generation or absorption effects are incorporated in the energy equation, while the chemical reaction is added in mass transport equation
The effects of pertinent flow factors, i.e., chemical reaction effect R Brownian motion factor Nb, magnetic factor M, local Grashof number Gr, Gc local modified Grashof number, inclination, i.e., Ω, Pr, i.e., Prandtl number, thermophoresis assumed by Nt, heat generation or absorption factor λ1, Williamson factor γ1, R, and Lewis number Le, are presented via several diagrams and tables to show their impacts on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions

Summary

Introduction

In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the development of nanotechnology due to its potential to provide a considerable enhancement in heat transmittance and transport properties than base fluids. Such technologies are commonly used in many branches and engineering applications, such as biomedical engineering or medical engineering. Nanofluid was introduced in the late 1995s by Choi and Eastman [1] to enhance thermal conductivity by using a mixture of a base fluid such as water, ethylene glycol, or oil. Nanoliquids have significant potential to enhance the efficiency of the solar system due to their superior thermal characteristics. Waqas et al [4] introduced

Objectives

Results

Conclusion