Abstract

Dissipative trapped particle instabilities are studied by means of three-dimensional particle simulations in toroidal geometry. In the linear stage growth rate of the unstable modes, radial and poloidal ballooning mode structures observed in the simulation agree reasonably well with linear theory. In the nonlinear stage, the ballooning effect diminishes due to the generation of strong plasma turbulence resulting in the broad frequency spectrum and convective cells consistent with experimental observations.

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