Abstract
The unique energy structure, high intensity of coal production, and complex terrain, make Fenwei Plain a highly polluted region in China. In this study, we characterized the transport characteristic and sources of PM2.5 (the fraction of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm) in Sanmenxia, a polluted city in canyon terrain. The results showed that special topography in Sanmenxia had an important role in the transport of particulates. Sanmenxia is located between two northeast-southwest facing mountains, showing a special local circulation. The local circulation was dominated by a downslope wind at nighttime, while the cross−mountain airflow and zonal wind were dominant during the daytime in the canyon terrain. PM2.5 accumulated near Sanmenxia with the influence of downslope, zonal wind, and topography. The main regional transport paths could be summarized into an eastern path, a northern path, and a western path during the severe haze episodes. The PM2.5 source apportionment revealed by an on-line tracer-tagged of the Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System (NAQPMS) showed that the main regional sources of Sanmenxia were Yuncheng, Sanmenxia, and Weinan. The contribution to PM2.5 concentration in Sanmenxia was 39%, 25%, and 11%, respectively. The northern path had the most important impact on Sanmenxia. The results can provide scientific basis for the establishment of severe haze control in Sanmenxia and regional joint control.
Highlights
IntroductionWith the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of air pollution has become prominent in China [1,2]
Introduction published maps and institutional affilIn recently decades, with the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of air pollution has become prominent in China [1,2]
The concentration of air pollution is affected by many factors, while emission, chemical transformation, meteorology, and transport play important roles
Summary
With the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of air pollution has become prominent in China [1,2]. The frequent occurrence of severe haze episodes has threatened human daily life and health and has attracted widespread attention [3,4]. PM2.5 , the fraction of particle with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, is an important pollutant for environmental issues. There are many studies on the complexity mechanisms leading to the formation of haze episodes. The concentration of air pollution is affected by many factors, while emission, chemical transformation, meteorology, and transport play important roles. Pollutants can come from direct emissions (primary pollutants) or be formed by chemical transformation in the atmosphere (secondary pollutants). Local emissions are the most direct factor iations
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