Numerical Simulation of the Water Surface Movement with Macroscopic Particles on Movable Beds

Abstract

In this paper, on the basis of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation, an incompressible fluid flow has been studied numerically when a dam is broken. In order to simulate this problem, a modification of the standard VOF model was carried out and a combination of Newtonian and non-Newtonian models was used. The flow effect on the transport of solid particles and mobile sediment has been shown. Several experiments were simulated to evaluate the computational model. All the obtained numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental data and the results of other authors. The effect of the mixture, which consists of solid particles and mobile deposits on the fluid flow, was studied in detail. The results of the flow behavior and transfer of solid particles at different heights of the moving layer were also shown. According to the numerical results analysis, the effect of dam destruction can be divided into the stage of high-speed impact and the flood stage. The first can cause damage due to instant exposure, and the second can cause damage due to stagnation. The simulation analysis of this work can be useful in hydropower to prevent breakthroughs of reservoirs with real terrain and real coastal contours. This investigation improves the understanding of bed topography with the solid particles effects of downstream dams impact based on simulation analysis.