Abstract
Estimating ship resistance accurately in different water depths is crucial to design a resistance-optimized hull form and to estimate the minimum required power. This paper presents a validation of a new procedure used for resistance correction of different water depths proposed by Raven, and it presents the numerical simulations of a Kriso container ship (KCS) for different water depth/draught ratios. Model-scale and full-scale ship resistances were predicted using in-house computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code: HUST-Ship. Firstly, the mathematical model is established and the numerical uncertainties are analyzed to ensure the reliability of the subsequent calculations. Secondly, resistances of different water depth/draught ratios are calculated for a KCS scaled model and a full-scale KCS. The simulation results show a similar trend for the change of model-scale and full-scale resistance in different water depths. Finally, the correction procedure proposed by Raven is briefly introduced, and the CFD resistance simulation results of different water depth/draught ratios are compared with the results estimated using the Raven method. Generally, the reliability of the HUST-Ship solver used for predicting ship resistance is proved, and the practicability of the Raven method is discussed.
Highlights
The shallow-water effect refers to the situation that the hydrodynamic performance of a ship clearly changes when the water depth is less than a certain critical value
For a channel that produces the shallow water effect, we divide it into two categories: (1) one is the channel that only considers the limited water depth and its effect on the hydrodynamic performance of the ship, which is called the shallow water channel; and (2) the other is the channel in which both the water depth and the width are limited, causing an effect on the hydrodynamic performance of the ship, which is called the restricted channel
Jachowski et al [10] predicted the squat of a Kriso container ship (KCS) scaled model in shallow water using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method; the results show quite good agreement with the empirical method of Hooft [11]
Summary
The shallow-water effect refers to the situation that the hydrodynamic performance of a ship clearly changes when the water depth is less than a certain critical value. Numerical prediction of the resistance of a barge ship with different calculation velocities at different water depth-to-ship draft ratios (T/H) was conducted [12]. Linde et al [14] proposed a 3D hydrodynamic numerical model to predict ship resistance and sinkage of an inland ship in restricted waterways; the results showed that the ship resistance is more sensitive to water depth than channel width. CFD simulations of the pure sway tests in a shallow water towing tank were conducted for the DTC container ship model using URANS solver [16]. Researchers conducted the maneuvering tests of a scaled ship model with different water depths and speeds [17], the results show that the shallow water effect has an adverse effect on ship maneuverability, which is manifested by the increase of turning diameter and the decrease stability. The simulation results were compared with the predicted results of Raven’s model
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