Abstract
A new Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to simulate the deformation of granite at large strain and high strain rates during penetration in the study. In order to describe the nonlinear deformation and failure characteristics of rock and metallic materials, Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive and damage models were applied to granite plates. In addition, Johnson-Cook (J-C) constitutive model and Gruneisen equation of state were applied to the projectile body, respectively. The projectile body and granite plates were discretized into Lagrangian particles during simulation. Through the simulation of three-dimensional penetration process of granite plates by self-made program at the initial penetration velocity of 0∼4000m/s, this article compares and analyzes the penetration results of different projectile bodies, fitting the curve of the penetration depth versus the initial penetration velocity in solid, semi-fluid and fluid penetration fields. The numerical results show the relationship between the penetration depth and the initial penetration velocity in the range of 0∼4000m/s. As the initial penetration velocity increases, the penetration depth shows an increasing trend in the solid penetration area (V0 < 1421m/s), and a decreasing trend in the semi-fluid penetration area (1421m/s < V0 < 1700m/s). When the initial velocity comes to the range of V0 > 1700m/s, the penetration is in a complete fluid penetrating state, and the penetration depth increases nonlinearly with the initial penetration velocity. The increasing curve gradually flattens out if V0 > 3000m/s, and reaches the peak value.
Highlights
For a long time, researches on collision and penetration have been focused on the low-velocity and mediumhigh-velocity fields.1 But in recent years, researches on high-velocity and hypervelocity penetration have drawn increasing attention,2 especially in the hypervelocity field
We introduced different constitutive equations and equations of state into the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) algorithm, creating a new SPH method
Compared with simulation results with the Lagrange mesh method,1 the simulation results based on the new SPH method are more consistent with the experimental value, which are shown in the curve of the penetration depth and penetration velocity (Fig. 4)
Summary
Researches on collision and penetration have been focused on the low-velocity and mediumhigh-velocity fields. But in recent years, researches on high-velocity and hypervelocity penetration have drawn increasing attention, especially in the hypervelocity field. There are few domestic or international experimental studies in high-velocity and hypervelocity penetration fields, and related researches mainly focus on theoretical study and numerical simulation. The new method is applicable for the solid penetration, which is in the low-velocity and medium-high-velocity fields and relates to the strength of materials. This unified new SPH method can be used to solve the simulation problem of the wide-velocity penetration. The penetration of granite at different initial velocities was studied with the new SPH method in this paper, which was compared with the experimental method and Lagrange mesh method. The penetration by non-rigid steel balls was simulated in the low-velocity, medium-highvelocity, high-velocity, and hypervelocity fields. The relationship between penetration depth and the initial penetration velocity was got
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