Abstract
A two-dimensional axisymmetric model has been developed to describe the formation of liquid-metal jet and the droplet pinch-off. These processes occur during the extrusion of the melt from the crater by the pressure of the cathode spot plasma of a vacuum arc. The jet formation has been numerically simulated for a copper cathode in the “inertial” mode of the melt splashing until the first droplet pinch-off. In this case, a jet with a longitudinal velocity gradient is formed. This gradient decreases the diameter of the jet and causes its elongation, resulting in droplet pinch-off. It has been shown that the mechanism of the droplet pinch-off is based on Rayleigh-Plateau instability. The droplet pinch-off time decreases with increasing jet velocity and increases for droplets of larger diameter. The simulation predicted the electrical explosion of the droplet-jet neck at the current density on the droplet surface ≥ 107 A·cm−2.
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