Abstract
Numerical Simulation of the Laval Annular Mechanical Foam Breaker for Foam Drilling
Highlights
Though air foam drilling technology has been widely used in drilling oil and gas wells, which has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones, the main challenge is that after returning to the surface the foam remains stable and requires a long period of time to dissipate back to the volume of the original liquid (Teichrob and Manuel, 1997; Cao et al, 2009)
Mechanical foam breaker is preferable to chemical methods, avoiding problems such as changing the chemical and physical properties of the foam system which pollute the foam surfactant and reduce its foamability that the foam drilling fluid cannot be reused, or adverse effects on environment seen when foaming is controlled by the addition of antifoam agents (Pelton, 2002)
On close observation of the velocity profiles at the X1 plane, it may be seen that the graph can be split into two parts: the first part characterized by large gradient with high velocities and a second part where the velocity gradient is small
Summary
Though air foam drilling technology has been widely used in drilling oil and gas wells, which has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones, the main challenge is that after returning to the surface the foam remains stable and requires a long period of time to dissipate back to the volume of the original liquid (Teichrob and Manuel, 1997; Cao et al, 2009). A number of mechanical foam breakers have so far been proposed including high rotate centrifugal foam breaker (Vetoshkin, 2003), foambreaking cyclones (Guzman, 2005) and air jet breaker (Vetoshkin and Chagin, 2002), etc., (Satoshi et al, 2003; Takesono et al, 2006; Zagoskina and Sokovnin, 2001; Barigou, 2001; Satoshi et al, 2007; Deshpande and Barigou, 2000) Most of these breakers are hardly practical for foam-breaking operation in high-rate gas bubbling systems of foam drilling fluid. All the walls are considered to be adiabatic with no slip
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