Abstract
Deep-buried tunnel at high-ground temperature is prone to the sudden surge of water when crossing the water-rich formation, resulting in casualties and economic losses. Slurry injection is a common and effective method of governance for addressing this issue. However, there has been little research into pulping at high-ground temperature, with most of the existing research focusing on room temperature conditions. We studied two kinds of slurry commonly used in grouting, cement slurry and cement-sodium silicate slurry. Indoor testing was used in this paper to clarify the effect of temperature on slurry viscosity, and numerical simulation was used to study slurry diffusion in flat cracks at different temperatures. The results showed that in a hydrostatic environment, the spread rate of slurry was independent of temperature and type of slurry. For the same kind of slurry, the higher the temperature, the greater the maximum slurry pressure. The higher the temperature in a flow environment, the faster the slurry diffusion. As the temperature rised, the grouting pressure required for crack sealing decreased at first then rises. In a flow environment, the sealing effect of cement-sodium silicate slurry was superior to that of cement slurry.
Highlights
Liu et al [34–35] proposed a numerical flow method for simulating the permeation process of crack rock body grout, and it was discovered that increasing the injection pressure can increase the crack aperture and improve slurry injection efficiency, but it destroys the structure of the rock mass and weakens the injection
Temperature, the higher the viscosity at the same time and the faster the viscosity growth rate, and cement-sodium silicate (C-S) slurry injection pressure is much higher than cement slurry injection pressure, C-S slurry pressure growth rate is much higher than cement growth rate, and C-S slurry pressure is hundreds of times cement pressure
Slurry injection is a commonly used engineering treatment, but the diffusion characteristic C-S of slurry will change in the high-temperature environment
Summary
With the continuous construction of deep-buried tunnels all over the world, there are more and more high-temperature tunnels. Li et al [31] proposed an SDS method to consider the space-time evolution characteristics of slurry viscosity, which describes the slurry diffusion and settlement behavior in the dynamic water of cracks, and realizes the visualization of the slurry diffusion process. Liu et al [34–35] proposed a numerical flow method for simulating the permeation process of crack rock body grout, and it was discovered that increasing the injection pressure can increase the crack aperture and improve slurry injection efficiency, but it destroys the structure of the rock mass and weakens the injection. Rafi et al [37] proposed a new method of slurry analysis to estimate the spread distance of the grout and the size of the crack expansion at a certain time by considering the slurry volume, slurry pressure, ground stress, and the sum of fluid rheum characteristics. The relationship between the diffusion law and temperature of the two types of slurry in the environments of dynamic water and hydrostatic water is revealed through numerical simulation
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