Abstract
A two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model has been developed to describe the heat transfer and fluid flow in the gas tungsten welding arc. The electrode-tip geometry is considered in the model and the cathode and arc column regions are included in the solution of the current continuity equation. The magneto-hydrodynamics equations are solved using the SIMPLE algorithm. The prediction of the arc column temperatures is in fair agreement with experimental results; moreover, the computed results indicate that the distributions of arc parameters such as current density, electromagnetic force and velocities, reflect well the generating mechanism of the arc pressure. In addition, the effects of the current, the electrode-tip angle and the arc length on the arc pressure distribution are analyzed by the use of the arc model that has been developed.
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