Abstract

In order to evaluate the possible side effects of diagnostic medical ultrasound, and in particular the effects of nonlinear propagation of sound, it is necessary to characterize the scanners used. To this end, the acoustic field emitted by a phased-array Hitachi EUB-26 ultrasound scanner operating in a strongly focused mode was measured a small distance from the scanner head, and the velocity field at the surface of the head deduced. A finite difference model was then used to propagate the pressure field beyond the focus, taking into account nonlinear effects, attenuation and diffraction, and the result compared with observations in water, giving reasonable agreement out to the scanplane focus. The extrapolated field was then examined in detail, revealing those regions in which most power is lost to the medium, some of which are off-axis, and so might not be detected by normal calibration procedures.

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