Numerical simulation of solitary wave breaking and impact on seawall using a modified turbulence SPH method with Riemann solvers

Abstract

In this paper, the Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic method was modified to simulate two-dimensional plunging solitary wave breaking process. This model solves the Navier–Stokes equations to obtain both velocity field and density and also solves the equation of state to obtain the pressure field. To simulate the turbulent behavior of fluid flow in a wave breaking procedure, Sub Particle Scale model was used. To correct the Pressure and velocity field in SPH, Riemann Solver was also implemented. This method was modified with a kernel and gradient of kernel correction to overcome the problems associated with the usage of viscous terms in Navier–Stokes equations. The modified kernel gradient was implemented to the model based on modified kernel in Element Free Galerkin Method. To consider the accuracy of the modified model, a dam break test was performed and model results were compared with available experimental data and unmodified models. These comparisons showed good agreement between modified results and the experimental data. Finally, the transform of plunging solitary wave breaking on a slope was simulated using the modified model. The results showed that this model better agrees with the experiments in the plunging jet impact and splash-up processes. Finally, solitary wave impact on a seawall was simulated by the modified model. The results showed that the modified model has good agreement with experimental data.