Abstract
Nonlinear second harmonic wave generation (SHG) has been thoroughly examined in one dimension both analytically and numerically. Recently, the application of advanced domain poling techniques enabled the fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) patterns of the sign of the nonlinear coefficient in certain nonlinear crystals, such as LiNbO3 and LiTaO3. This method can be used to achieve quasi phase matching in SHG and hence amplification of the second harmonic fields in 2D. In this study we present a true vectorial numerical method for the simulation of SHG by extending the finite difference frequency domain method (FDFD). Our nonlinear method (NL-FDFD) operates directly on the electromagnetic fields, uses two meshes for the simulation (for ω and 2ω fields), and handles the nonlinear coupling as an interaction between the two meshes. Final field distributions can be obtained by a small number of iteration steps. NL-FDFD can be applied in arbitrarily structured linear media with an arbitrarily structured χ(2) component both in the small conversion efficiency and the pump depleted cases.
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