Abstract
ABSTRACTSilver nano particles have antimicrobial property which makes them appropriate for disinfection. Due to their antimicrobial feature, these particles are applicable for root canal irrigation. Fluid flow inside root canal and its appropriate circulation results in more efficient removal of microorganisms. Due to the very small dimensions of a root canal, performing experimental research is very difficult to identify the phenomena occurring in the root canal; therefore, numerical investigation will be very helpful to gain appropriate insight into the flow features of a root canal during irrigation for disinfection. Computation Fluid Dynamic (CFD) can be employed to numerically simulate the flow of irrigants inside the root canal. In the present study, the flow of Ag/water nanofluid in the root canal is numerically modeled. In order to evaluate the impact of height of injection and nanofluid concentration, two heights and concentrations are considered and compared. According to the results, lower injection height is more favorable due to better circulation of an irrigant in the root canal. Moreover, increase in the concentration of the nanofluid leads to reduction in maximum velocity of the fluid; which is attributed to higher increase in dynamic viscosity in comparison with the density. Velocity and wall shear stress contours in various cases are represented to gain better insight into the irrigant motion inside the canal. According to the results of simulation, wall shear stress of the root canal increases by increment in the concentration of the nanofluid and volumetric flow rate of the irrigants.
Highlights
Disinfecting a root canal is an important stage in endodontic treatment
Since no slip boundary condition is assumed at the wall of the canal, increase in flow rate leads to higher velocity gradient which means improvement in wall shear stress
The results of numerical simulation indicated increase in concentration of the nanofluid led to reduction in velocity which was attributed to dynamic viscosity increase and no slip boundary condition
Summary
Disinfecting a root canal is an important stage in endodontic treatment. In order to have an appropriate removal of microorganisms, it is crucial to employ effective antimicrobial agents. Silver nano particles have antimicrobial features and can be applied as an irrigant during endodontic treatment. Luna et al (González-Luna et al, 2016) employed silver nano particles as final irrigant in endodontic. Dispersed silver nano particles were used as the irrigant in the first group. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in 2.25% concentration was used as the irrigant. Combination of dispersed nano particles and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was applied in the third group, while saline water was used as the irrigant for the last group. Both dispersed nano particles and NaOCl were appropriate for elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Moghadas et al (Moghadas, Narimani, & Shahmoradi, 2012) evaluated the performance of silver nano particles against Staphylococcus aureus and E. fae-
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