Numerical simulation of in-vessel steam explosion for China third-generation PWR

Abstract

In this study, in order to evaluate the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) integrity under in-vessel steam explosion loads for China third-generation Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), 2D and 3D numerical simulation of in-vessel steam explosion is conducted using MC3D code. The sensitivity analyses for in-vessel steam explosion are performed, including break area, water temperature, water level, melt temperature, and break height. The results show that the premixing stage cannot cause RPV failure and the possibility of the steam explosion blowing the RPV upper head off is almost non-existent. When the break area increases, the maximum pressure and impulse of the RPV inner wall increase obviously first and then generally decrease slightly. With the increase of water temperature, the maximum pressure and impulse first increase and then decrease. When the water level is higher, the maximum pressure variation is small. When the water level is very low, the maximum pressure decreases. The maximum impulse generally decreases with the decrease of the water level. When the melt temperature exceeds 2850 K, the steam explosion is not sensitive to the melt temperature. With the increase of the break height, the maximum pressure and maximum impulse first increase and then decrease. Furthermore, based on the results of sensitivity analysis, two cases of conservative conditions are selected, and the RPV integrity under in-vessel steam explosion loads for China third-generation PWR is considered. The result shows that the integrity of the RPV can be maintained under the in-vessel steam explosion loads for China third-generation PWR with a large margin. These studies provide some reference to improve the severe accident management strategy in China.