Abstract

This review article focuses on the problems related to numerical simulation of finite dimensional nonsmooth multibody mechanical systems. The rigid body dynamical case is examined here. This class of systems involves complementarity conditions and impact phenomena, which make its study and numerical analysis a difficult problem that cannot be solved by relying on known Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) or Differential Algebraic Equation (DAE) integrators only. The main techniques, mathematical tools, and existing algorithms are reviewed. The article utilizes 233 references.

Highlights

  • This article focuses on the problem of numerical simulation of systems composed of interacting rigid bodies

  • What is called the rigid body approach does not preclude the incorporation of deformation effects, though the way they appear in the dynamics may differ from the usual spring-dashpot formulations

  • Since the rigid body model has to be seen as a limit modelin a sense it is the model that contains the least physical information on the processthese peculiarities are not surprising: the less information, the worse prediction

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

This article focuses on the problem of numerical simulation of systems composed of interacting rigid bodies It aims at showing the state of the art in this field and, at the same time, introduces the main features, difficulties, and proposed solutions to simulation of nonsmooth multibody dynamics. It is noteworthy that the tools and models described in this paper concern essentially mechanical systems subject to unilateral constraints with or without dry friction They may be suitable to the simulation of other nonsmooth physical systems, like electrical networks27,42͔. Infinite-dimensional as well as quasi-static or static problems with unilateral contacts are not examined in this paper, see, eg, ͓60͔ for a survey

Formulation of the unconstrained continuous dynamics
Reduction into independent coordinates
Lagrange multipliers methods
The major problem of multiple contacts—LCPs
Complementarity formulation of restitution mappings
Constraints with Coulomb friction
Sliding contacts
Shocks with friction
Convex analysis in nonsmooth mechanics
Moreau’s sweeping process
Coulomb friction and the principle of maximal dissipation
Second-order formulations
Rigid body models
Compliant models
Conclusions
Introduction
Simulation of DAEs
Application to mechanical systems
General motivations for new specific schemes
Simulation algorithms
Overview of modules for event-driven schemes
Collision detection between bodies
LCP and NCP solvers
Event-driven algorithms
Baraff’s algorithms
TIME-STEPPING ALGORITHMS
Constraints with 2D friction
Frictionless sweeping process
Simulation results
Related algorithms
Description of the scheme
Velocity-impulse formulations
Convergence studies
General comments
MATHEMATICAL ISSUES
Is Painlevea real obstacle?
Is the discontinuity with respect to initial data a real obstacle?
COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE PACKAGES
10 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
Methods
Full Text
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