Abstract
Cotton dyeing is a very complex process with many variables in which different phenomena occur simultaneously. This study aimed to describe the cotton dyeing process by natural dye, using a mathematical model that consists of three mass conservation equations that depict dyeing cotton in cones, taking a representative volume element at the micro, meso, and macroscales. The first equation describes the concentration changes of the dye in the solution, taking into account the diffusive, convective, adsorptive, and reactive effects. The second equation describes the changes in dye concentration in cotton fiber, considering the diffusive, adsorptive, and reactive effects within an intermediate scale. The last equation describes changes in the concentration of dye in the solution on the macroscale, based on the characteristics of the equipment and the difference in concentration before and after passing through the fiber. In addition, a fluid continuity equation was incorporated, taking into account Darcy’s law. In the simulation of the dyeing process with synthetic dye with initial concentrations of 0.408 and 2.06 kg/m3, RMSE of 0.00221 and 0.0289 kg/m3 were obtained, respectively. For the simulation of a dyeing process with natural dyeing, a behavior similar to the experimental data was obtained.
Highlights
The use of non-allergic, non-toxic, and eco-friendly natural dyes in textiles has become a topic of great importance due to environmental awareness to avoid some dangerous synthetic dyes [1]
Around the world, the use of natural dyes for textile coloring has been mainly limited to artisans and small-scale exporters and producers engaged in the production and sale of high-value eco-friendly textiles [2]
Several commercial dyers and small textile exporting companies have begun to explore the possibilities of using natural dyes to dye and print textiles regularly to overcome the environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The use of non-allergic, non-toxic, and eco-friendly natural dyes in textiles has become a topic of great importance due to environmental awareness to avoid some dangerous synthetic dyes [1]. Around the world, the use of natural dyes for textile coloring has been mainly limited to artisans and small-scale exporters and producers engaged in the production and sale of high-value eco-friendly textiles [2]. Several commercial dyers and small textile exporting companies have begun to explore the possibilities of using natural dyes to dye and print textiles regularly to overcome the environmental pollution caused by synthetic dyes. Natural dyes produce very rare calming and soft shades compared to synthetic dyes [2]
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