Numerical Simulation of Deep Thermal Groundwater Exploitation in the Beijing Plain Area

Zhongping Xu,Kuo Hai,Ruige Chen,Xun Zhou,Ziqi Shang,Ye Shen

doi:10.3390/w11071494

Abstract

Thermal groundwater is relatively abundant in the deep-seated bedrock underlying the Beijing plain area. The main geothermal reservoir is composed of dolomites of the Wumishan Group of the Meso–Neoproterozic Jixian System. The thermal groundwater has been developed and utilized since the 1970s and significant declines in groundwater levels were observed. A 3D unsteady flow model of an anisotropic karst-fissure aquifer based on the equivalent continuum is used to describe the flow of thermal groundwater and heat transport. The heat transportation is described by the governing equation including convection and dispersion. The simulation of this paper aims to solve such problems as uneven distribution and thinness of the aquifer, insufficient initial monitoring data, and poor knowledge of the properties of the horizontal boundary. They are solved by considering vertical stratification of the aquifer with equal thickness, replacing initial water level data by surface elevation, and choosing natural boundary far away from the exploitation areas. Through a trial–error procedure, the simulated and measured groundwater level and temperature in the simulation period are well fitted. Three exploitation schemes are proposed to predict the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater level and temperature of the thermal groundwater in the study area. The prediction results show that the reinjection can effectively slow the decline in the thermal groundwater levels. Except for the Dongnanchengqu, Xiaotangshan, and Liangxiang subgeothermal fields, the other six subgeothermal fields have the potential for further development of thermal groundwater.

Highlights

Located in the northern part of the North China Plain Basin (Figure 1), Beijing is one of the cities in China underlain by relatively abundant geothermal resources [1]
The results show that this exploitation scheme can effectively alleviate the speed of drop in thermal groundwater levels in these fields
Beijing plainofarea is underlain byThe lowcones to medium temperature thermal groundwater of sedimentary basin type

Summary

Introduction

Located in the northern part of the North China Plain Basin (Figure 1), Beijing is one of the cities in China underlain by relatively abundant geothermal resources [1]. Thermal groundwater in the deep-seated carbonates in the Beijing plain area is of sedimentary basin type of low to medium temperature. The geothermal reservoir in the study area is composed of the Proterozoic siliceous dolomite and Cambrian–Ordovician limestones, with a total thickness of more than 5000 m. The carbonates of the Wumishan Group of the Jixian System of the Meso–Neoproterozoic with a thickness of more than 2000 m (m is short for meter) are widely spread, accounting for over 90% of the basement rocks in the plain area. The Wumishan carbonates is characterized by highly-developed karst landform and become the most important geothermal reservoir in the study area. The caprocks of the geothermal reservoir are mainly composed of Mesozoic

Objectives

Results

Conclusion