Abstract
A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is developed to study the propagation of dam-break-induced flood and the interaction between floods and buildings. In the proposed mathematic model, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and the immersed boundary (IB) method are used to address the air/water interface and fluid/structure interface respectively. Barely a limited number of publications focus on 3D simulations of the dam-break flood impacting buildings in the long flume heretofore, for researching the dam-break flood impacting buildings involves some hard issues like a wave breaking phenomena, flood-building interaction, and computational efficiency. Therefore, the highlights to this paper are: (1) The THINC/SW (THINC with Slope Weighting), which is extremely simple and efficient and meanwhile can also solve the wave breaking process, is adopted in the paper. Furthermore, its numerical accuracy is comparable to the conventional VOF schemes that use geometrical reconstructions. (2) The direct forcing IB method, which can be easily applied to three-dimensional simulation, is adopted to promote the computational efficiency of the three-dimensional numerical model and handle flood-building interaction interface treatment. The proposed VOF/IB model is validated by the physical experiment results and is also compared with the two-dimensional depth-averaged Shallow-Water Equations (SWEs), and Coupled Level Set/Volume of Fluid and Immersed Boundary (CLSVOF/IB) models in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Highlights
Catastrophic consequences such as the losses of human life and properties can occur when severe flood propagate to downstream areas (Schubert and Sanders, 2012)
The accuracy of the Coupled Level Set and Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF)/immersed boundary (IB) method is higher than volume of fluid (VOF)/IB methods
The main idea of the paper is to develop a mathematical model with high computational efficiency and the ability to deal with wave breaking so that the matter of the dam-break flood with a larger kilometer scale can be addressed
Summary
Catastrophic consequences such as the losses of human life and properties can occur when severe flood propagate to downstream areas (Schubert and Sanders, 2012). The present research is undertaken to construct an effective and accurate three-dimensional (3D) multi-phase solver to comprehensively understand the fluid/structure interaction and its flow characteristics that arise in dam-break-induced flood events. These factors, various hydraulic quantities including water depth, velocity field, flood arrival time, and duration of the flood, are of significance to the buildings in flooded areas that need to be figured out. The weaknesses of the shallow water models are no density or velocity variations in the vertical direction, and, are inadequate to simulate flows involving significant variations of flow depth and wave breaking because 2D shallow water models originate from depth-integrating the 3D continuity and momentum equations They assume that the viscous force is negligible and the vertical acceleration is small, so the pressure field is purely hydrostatic. The alternative to the numerical method is to numerically solve the 3D Navier–Stokes equations for simulating dam-break flow impacting buildings
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