Numerical simulation of bubble collapse and the transfer of vapor and noncondensable gas through the bubble interface using the ghost fluid method

Abstract

The ghost fluid method is improved to include heat and mass transfer across the gas- liquid interface during the bubble collapse in a compressible liquid. This transfer is due to both nonequilibrium phase transition at the interface and diffusion of the noncondensable gas across the interface. In the present method, the ghost fluids are defined with the intention of conserving the total mass, momentum, and energy, as well as the mass of each component while considering the heat and mass fluxes across the interface. The gas phase inside the bubble is a mixture of vapor and noncondensable gas, where binary diffusion between the mixture components is taken into account. The gas diffusion in the surrounding liquid is also considered. This method is applied to a simulation of a single spherical bubble collapse with heat and mass transfer across the interface in a compressible liquid. When noncondensable gas is present, it accumulates near the interface due to vapor condensation, thereby preventing further condensation. This results in a weaker bubble collapse than the case without noncondensable gas.