Numerical simulation of back discharge ignition

Abstract

Back discharge refers to any discharges initiated at or near a dielectric layer covering a passive electrode (Czech et al 2011 Eur. Phys. J. D 65 459–74). Back discharge activity is commonly observed in electrostatic precipitators. This study aims to contribute to increasing the fundamental understanding of back discharge phenomena by using a plasma fluid model. The modelling strategy only considers the region of back discharge development as a first approach, and the numerical simulation is complemented by an experimental study. Back discharge ignition is studied with a pinhole of radius 100 µm set in a dielectric layer. First, we have considered the criterion for back discharge ignition from an electrostatic point of view, and the numerical results confirm the major role of the surface charge density deposited on the dielectric layer. Then the dynamics of back discharge in the ‘onset-streamer’ regime (Masuda and Mizuno 1977/1978 J. Electrostat. 2 375–96) is described: the discharge ignites inside the pinhole, develops outside as a cathode-directed ionizing wave, before stopping. This regime is characterized by a current pulse and the corresponding optical emission. Results obtained in experiments and simulations are in good agreement. Furthermore, this discharge regime is independent of the pinhole radius (ranging from 75 to 150 µm) despite a change in the discharge shape. Finally, an increase in the initial negative ion density or Laplacian electric field is found to be responsible for the transition from ‘onset-streamer’ to ‘space streamer’ regime, which corresponds well with experimental observations.