Abstract
In most previous ice–ship interaction studies involving fluid effects, ice was taken as unbreakable. Building breakable level ice on water domain is still a big challenge in numerical simulation. This paper overcomes this difficulty and presents a numerical modeling of a ship moving in level ice on the water by using a one-way CFD-DEM (computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method) coupling method. The detailed numerical processes and techniques are introduced. The ice crack propagation process including radial and circular cracks have been observed. Numerical results are compared with previous experimental data and good agreement has been achieved. The results show that water resistance is an order of magnitude smaller than ice resistance during the ice-breaking process. Ice resistance shows strong oscillation along with ice failure process, which are affected by ship speed and ice thickness significantly.
Highlights
With global warming, the sea ice has melted gradually [1], making the Arctic shipping routes more navigable [2]
Huang et al [43] simulated a ship advancing in floating ice floe regions by using the combined CFD-discrete element method (DEM) approach based on STAR-CCM+
Based on STAR-CCM+, this paper develops a method to bond a breakable level ice using DEM
Summary
The sea ice has melted gradually [1], making the Arctic shipping routes more navigable [2]. Vroegrijk [44] adopted STAR-CCM+ to simulate the movement of a ship in a broken ice channel by using a combined CFD-DEM method. Huang et al [43] simulated a ship advancing in floating ice floe regions by using the combined CFD-DEM approach based on STAR-CCM+. They developed two algorithms for generating probability-distributed ice floe fields. To our best knowledge, all the previous CFD-DEM studies just simulated unbreakable ice, not considering broken ice channel, floating ice floes, or brash ice regions It seems little work has simulated a ship moving in a breakable level ice region by using the CFD-DEM method.
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