Abstract
3D Free overfall flows by the two-phase least-squares finite element method (LSFEM) have been presented. The dynamic and kinematic boundary conditions of free surface are described in an Eulerian coordinate system. The governing 3D Navier-Stokes equations in association with the color function are solved by element-by-element scheme. In this simulation, the volume of fluid (VOF) method and continuous stress force models are applied for the determination of the interface between liquid and gas. The free surface is determined by the distribution of the color function. The formation of the dam-break flow is carefully examined for model verification by the experiment done in our hydraulic laboratory and the quantitative comparison is shown in good agreement. For the free overfall flows, the regression of the free surface distribution is compared with previous studies. Finally, the 3D free overfall on a expanded channel is presented for demonstration that the LSFEM can effectively simulate the 3D flow fields.
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