Abstract
The blast furnace (BF) hearth is critical for determining the life of a BF. Irreversibly eroded hearths can be caused by high-temperature molten iron erosion, alkali metal corrosion, and thermal stress. When serious depression erosion occurs in the hearth, furnace protection measures can prevent the erosion from expanding and ensure the safe operation of the BF. At present, furnace protection measures and furnace protection strength are mostly selected based on engineering experience. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical model of BF hearth with elephant-type depression erosion was established to predict and evaluate the effect of furnace protection measures. At the same time, the phase change behavior of hot iron solidification was also considered. A numerical model was used to analyze common furnace protection measures such as increasing furnace hearth cooling, closing the tuyere, reducing the tapping productivity, and reducing the tapping temperature. The calculation results are consistent with actual furnace protection experience.
Highlights
The blast furnace (BF) is a type of large ironmaking equipment
The hearth located in the lower part of the BF is a frequent site of safety accidents [1–4]
During the BF production process, the refractory lining of the hearth comes into direct contact with high-temperature molten iron
Summary
The hearth located in the lower part of the BF is a frequent site of safety accidents [1–4]. During the BF production process, the refractory lining of the hearth comes into direct contact with high-temperature molten iron. As a result of molten iron erosion, alkali metal corrosion, and thermal stress, irreversible local depression erosion occurs in the hearth. If the erosion continues to develop, burn through accidents will occur, resulting in severe casualties and causing extensive property loss for the business. To ensure the safety of the hearth, some furnace protection measures are adopted to slow down or prevent the expansion of local depression erosion [5–8]. The general measures for furnace protection are closing tuyere, reducing smelting intensity, improving cooling intensity, etc. The practice has proved that these measures for furnace protection are feasible
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