Abstract
Aiming at the problem that aerodynamic uplift forces of the pantograph running in the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream conditions are inconsistent, and their magnitudes do not satisfy the corresponding standard, the aerodynamic uplift forces of pantographs with baffles are numerically investigated, and an optimization method to determine the baffle angle is proposed. First, the error between the aerodynamic resistances of the pantograph obtained by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 5%, which indicates the accuracy of the numerical simulation method. Second, the original pantograph and pantographs equipped with three different baffles are numerically simulated to obtain the aerodynamic forces and moments of the pantograph components. Three different angles for the baffles are −17°, 0° and 17°. Then the multibody simulation is used to calculate the aerodynamic uplift force of the pantograph, and the optimal range for the baffle angle is determined. Results show that the lift force of the baffle increases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-downstream condition, whereas the lift force of the baffle decreases with the increment of the angle in the knuckle-upstream condition. According to the results of the aerodynamic uplift force, the optimal angle of the baffle is determined to be 4.75° when the running speed is 350 km/h, and pantograph–catenary contact forces are 128.89 N and 129.15 N under the knuckle-downstream and knuckle-upstream operating conditions, respectively, which are almost equal and both meet the requirements of the standard EN50367:2012.
Highlights
The static and aerodynamic uplift forces are important components of the pantograph–catenary contact force of a high-speed train, in addition to dynamic components caused by vibration [1, 2]
The error between the aerodynamic resistances of the pantograph obtained by numerical simulation and wind tunnel test is less than 5%, which indicates the accuracy of the numerical simulation method
The static uplift force is provided by the airbag, and the aerodynamic uplift force is the force between the strip and the catenary under the action of aerodynamic forces and moments of the pantograph components
Summary
The static and aerodynamic uplift forces are important components of the pantograph–catenary contact force of a high-speed train, in addition to dynamic components caused by vibration [1, 2]. The effect of the moment of pantograph components on the aerodynamic uplift force was ignored. Based on the multibody simulation, a comprehensive dynamic model with aerodynamic forces and moments of each pantograph component is established, and a new method to calculate the aerodynamic uplift force of the pantograph is proposed in this study. Manual adjustment of the airbag or the control system can regulate the static uplift force when the high-speed train is running in different directions, so as to make the pantograph–catenary contact force meet the requirements. The calculation method and the optimization process of the aerodynamic uplift force of the pantograph proposed in this study are general, which can be applied to various types of pantographs, and can provide a reference for the design and optimization of high-speed pantographs
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