Abstract
A general finite element model and a new solution method were developed to simulate the permeances of Lintz Donawiz converter gas (LDG) components and the performance of a polysulfone membrane separation unit. The permeances at eight bars of CO, N2, and H2 in LDG simulated using the developed model equations employing the experimental mixed gas data were obtained by controlling the finite element numbers and comparing them with pure gas permeation data. At the optimal finite element numbers (s = 15, n = 1), the gas permeances under the mixed-gas condition were 6.3% (CO), 3.9% (N2), and 7.2% (H2) larger than those of the pure gases, On the other hand, the mixed-gas permeance of CO2 was 4.5% smaller than that of pure gas. These differences were attributed to the plasticization phenomenon of the polysulfone membrane used by CO2. The newly adopted solution method for the stiff nonlinear model functions enabled the simulation of the performance (in terms of gas recovery, concentration, and flow rate) of the first-stage membrane within two seconds under most gas flow conditions. The performance of a first-stage membrane unit separating LDG could be predicted by the developed model with a small error of <2.1%. These model and solution methods could be utilized effectively for simulating gas permeances of the membrane that is plasticized severely by the permeating gas and the separation performance of two- or multi-stage membrane processes.
Highlights
Emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are still growing despite the enormous efforts to mitigate them
We focused on the separation and utilization of CO2 and condition were 6.3% (CO) in the Lintz Donawiz converter gas (LDG, 64% CO, 18% CO2, 16% N2, and 2% H2) in the steelmaking industry while a variety of attempts have been devoted toward the reduction of CO2 emissions
These models can be applied effectively to hollow fiber membrane modules where gas mixing occurs compared to differential models that assume, in general, plug-flow on both permeate and residue sides
Summary
Emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are still growing despite the enormous efforts to mitigate them. CO2 emissions to the atmosphere can be reduced by recovering CO and CO2 and utilizing them as raw materials to produce various chemical products Several separation technologies, such as cryogenic distillation, absorption, and adsorption, have been considered for industrial applications to separate CO2 and CO concentrations from the LDG mixed gases. The governing equations obtained from the mass balance around the finite elements are composed only of algebraic variables These models can be applied effectively to hollow fiber membrane modules where gas mixing occurs compared to differential models that assume, in general, plug-flow on both permeate and residue sides.
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