Abstract
Most oil and gas is transported by pipeline, and corrosion causes a great threat to the service life of the pipeline; bimetallic pipe, which combines the advantages of good mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, and relatively low price, is a good choice for high-pressure and corrosion-resistant pipe, but its manufacturing process and stress distribution are more complex than single metal pipe. JCO is a widely used cold forming method for pipes which is named by the shape of the plate in the forming process, i.e. J-shape, C-shape and O-shape, and the forming process is an important parameter that determines the level of imperfections and residual stresses in a pipe, and residual tensile stress will accelerate corrosion failure of the pipe. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) is used to simulate the pre-bending and JCO forming process of a 2205/X65 bimetallic pipe. The model and the simulated results are validated by digital image correlation (DIC) experimental and the opening width of the formed pipe billet, respectively. The influence factors of the stresses are studied. Further, a two-dimensional (2D) model is established to study the characteristics of bimetallic plate bending and the stress distribution at the interface of different materials, and the results are compared with that of three-dimensional model.
Highlights
Piping systems play a critical role in the transportation of chemicals, both liquids and gases, from one location to another
The results showed that the tensile residual stress was a large mechanical driving force for the crack nucleation and short crack propagation, adversely affecting the safety and service life of pipeline steel
To validate the established finite element (FE) model of the sheet metal bending, an FE model with the same material composition, material properties, and FE settings as those mentioned in Section 2 was established
Summary
Piping systems play a critical role in the transportation of chemicals, both liquids and gases, from one location to another. Bimetallic pipes, in which two materials are metallurgically bonded, combine the advantages of corrosion resistance and economic viability, so that they are widely used in petroleum, nuclear power, offshore platforms, and pharmaceutical fields [3]. In these mechanically bonded pipes, under large bending loads, the liners undergo plastic deformation, which results in non-reversible liner wrinkling. The JCO pipe manufacturing processes are composed of pre-bending forming, JCO forming, welding, and expansion stages. The JCO process is adaptable, economical, and suitable for medium-scale production It has been widely used in the Panyu–Huizhou pipeline, Materials 2020, 13, 3561; doi:10.3390/ma13163561 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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