Abstract
Similar to conventional vehicle, most in-wheel small EVs that exist today are designed with understeer (US) characteristic. They are safer on the road but possess poor cornering performance. With recent in-wheel motor and steer-by wire technology, high cornering performance vehicle does not limit to sport or racing cars. We believe that oversteer (OS) design approach for in-wheel small EV can increase the steering performance of the vehicle. However, one disadvantage is that OS vehicle has a stability limit velocity. In this paper, we proposed a Four-Wheel Drive and Independent Steering (4WDIS) for in-wheel small EV with OS characteristic. The aim of implementing 4WDIS is to develop a high steer controllability and stability of the EV at any velocity. This paper analyses the performance of OS in-wheel small EV with 4WDIS by using numerical simulation. Two cornering conditions were simulated which are (1) steady-state cornering at below critical velocity and (2) steady-state cornering over critical velocity. The objective of the simulation is to understand the behavior of OS in-wheel small EV and the advantages of implementing the 4WDIS. The results show that an in-wheel small EV can achieve high cornering performance at low speed while maintaining stability at high speed.
Highlights
In recent years, concerns over environmental issues by petroleum-based transportations along with the issue of fossil fuel depletion around the world have led to renewed interest over electric vehicle (EV)
The 4WDIS is governed by an Intelligence Steering Control System (ISCS) that evaluates the dynamics of the EV, the surrounding condition, the road surface, and vehicle stability in response to the drivers driving input
When the vehicle velocity V is below the stability limit velocity Vc, OS vehicle can achieve steady-state cornering with a higher yaw rotational speed in comparison to US characteristic
Summary
Concerns over environmental issues by petroleum-based transportations along with the issue of fossil fuel depletion around the world have led to renewed interest over electric vehicle (EV). Most in-wheel small EVs that exist today are designed with understeer (US) characteristic [6]. Even though they are safer on the road, they have poor cornering performance. The aim of implementing 4WDIS is to develop a high steer controllability and stability of an OS in-wheel small EV at any velocity. The 4WDIS is governed by an Intelligence Steering Control System (ISCS) that evaluates the dynamics of the EV, the surrounding condition (i.e., narrow space), the road surface (i.e., dry, wet and icy road), and vehicle stability (i.e., crosswind and soft collision) in response to the drivers driving input. The results show that, by implementing 4WDIS, an OS in-wheel small EV can achieve high cornering performance and maintain stability at any speed
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