Abstract
Performing tunnel excavation in the joint type loess is very challenging as the associated seepage behavior cannot be predicted accurately, severe geo-hazards like sinkhole, water ingress, and ground surface settlement are thus easily to be triggered in such region. This study presents the governing equations that account the effect of the loess joint on the seepage behavior. A numerical seepage simulation model for joint type loess is then established. This study also carried out the numerical simulation to characterise the development pattern of the wetting front in joint/non-joint type loess. The results obtained from this study provide insights into future tunnel construction or deep excavation in such joint type loess region.
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