Numerical Scrutinization of Darcy-Forchheimer Relation in Convective Magnetohydrodynamic Nanofluid Flow Bounded by Nonlinear Stretching Surface in the Perspective of Heat and Mass Transfer.

Ghulam Rasool,Ilyas Khan,Anum Shafiq,Abderrahim Wakif,Marei S Alqarni,Muhammad Shoaib Bhutta

doi:10.3390/mi12040374

Abstract

The aim of this research is mainly concerned with the numerical examination of Darcy-Forchheimer relation in convective magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow bounded by non-linear stretching sheet. A visco-elastic and strictly incompressible liquid saturates the designated porous medium under the direct influence of the Darcy-Forchheimer model and convective boundary. The magnetic effect is taken uniformly normal to the flow direction. However, the model is bounded to a tiny magnetic Reynolds number for practical applications. Boundary layer formulations are taken into consideration. The so-formulated leading problems are converted into highly nonlinear ordinary problems using effectively modified transformations. The numerical scheme is applied to solve the governing problems. The outcomes stipulate that thermal layer receives significant modification in the incremental direction for augmented values of thermal radiation parameter Rd. Elevation in thermal Biot number γ1 apparently results a significant rise in thermal layer and associated boundary layer thickness. The solute Biot number is found to be an enhancing factor the concentration profile. Besides the three main profiles, the contour and density graphs are sketched for both the linear and non-linear cases. Furthermore, skin friction jumps for larger porosity and larger Forchheimer number. Both the heat and mass flux numbers receive a reduction for augmented values of the Forchheimer number. Heat flux enhances, while mass flux reduces, the strong effect of thermal Biot number. The considered problem could be helpful in any several industrial and engineering procedures, such as rolling, polymeric extrusion, continuously stretching done in plastic thin films, crystal growth, fiber production, and metallic extrusion, etc.

Highlights

A simple base fluid, for example, water, ethylene glycol, and oil, etc., when upgraded with the suspension of nanometric metallic strong conductive particles, is termed as nanofluid
Choi [1] introduced the definition of nanofluid in his experimental work where he proved that the suspension of nanoparticles in typical fluids drastically changes the thermo-physical properties of the fluid
We have described the consequences noticed in flow profiles for all relevant parameters that are involved in leading problems of present nanofluid model

Summary

Introduction

A simple base fluid, for example, water, ethylene glycol, and oil, etc., when upgraded with the suspension of nanometric metallic strong conductive particles, is termed as nanofluid. Such a formulation sufficiently intensifies the conduction abilities of the base. Vehicle cooling, heat exchangers, cooling and transformer cooling, electronic cooling, and many others are typical and widely used applications of nanofluids. These are applicable in the medical treatments, especially cancer and tumor treatments, resonance imaging, and wound treatment, etc., and they are typically dependent on the conductive nature of nanofluids. Afterwards, several interesting attempts have been reported by renowned researchers of fluid mechanics

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