Abstract
In level ice, the maneuvering motion of icebreakers has a major influence on the global ice loads of the hull. This study researched the influences of the drift angle and turning radius on the ice loads of the icebreaker Xue Long through a partial numerical method based on the linear superposition theory of ice loads. First, with reference to the Araon model tests performed by the Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO), numerical simulations of Araon’s direct motion were carried out at different speeds, and the average deviation between numerical results and model test results was about 13.8%. Meanwhile, the icebreaking process and modes were analyzed and discussed, compared with a model test and a full-scale ship trial. Next, the maneuvering captive motions of oblique and constant radius were simulated to study the characteristics of ice loads under different drift angles and turning radii. Compared with the maneuvering motion model tests in the ice tank of Tianjin University and the Institute for Ocean Technology of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC/IOT), the numerical results had good agreement with the model test results in terms of the variation trend of ice loads and ice–hull interaction, and the influences of drift angle and turning radius on ice resistance and transverse force, which have a certain reference value for sailing performance research and the design of the hull form of icebreaker ships, are discussed.
Highlights
The continuous shrinking of sea ice makes the summer navigation of Arctic routes a reality and confers a natural advantage in terms of shortening transportation distances, which has led to extensive research on icebreakers [1,2]
Research on global ice loads mainly focused on ice resistance, and many theories of ice–ship interaction were developed in this period [3,4,5,6]
The ice loads are divided into two types, icebreaking loads and submersion loads, based on the commonly used ice load linear superposition theory, which can be expressed as follows [18]: Fice= Fbre + Fsub where Fice is the ice loads, Fbre is the component of ice loads due to crushing and bending, and Fsub is the component of ice loads due to the motion of broken ice, such as rotation, sliding, or accumulation
Summary
The continuous shrinking of sea ice makes the summer navigation of Arctic routes a reality and confers a natural advantage in terms of shortening transportation distances, which has led to extensive research on icebreakers [1,2]. Wang [17] adopted a geometric method to simulate continuous contacts between level ice and cone This method is based on the mechanical ice failure model, which was derived from the empirical formula proposed by Kashteljan [3] and has been adopted and developed by many researchers. According to the observation results during full-scale ship trials, Li and Kujula [40] proposed a novel ice failure model based on elliptical ice cusps They established a partial numerical framework: Lindqvist formulas were used to calculate submersion forces, and the finite difference method (FDM) simulated the performance of a ship in level ice [41]. This paper researched the influences of drift angle and turning radius on ice loads by simulating the maneuvering captive motion in level ice. Firstly, the numerical method was verified by the mean ice resistance and icebreaking process of the model icebreaker Araon test. The maneuvering captive motions of oblique and constant radius were simulated, and the influences of drift angle and turning radius on ice loads were discussed
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