Abstract
In this research, a general numerical setting has been developed by finite volume approaching for the Eulerian–Eulerian method under OpenFOAM to provide an efficient reference for industrial bubbly flows having various geometrical characteristics under different conditions. Nine different test cases were selected from chemical, nuclear, bio-processing and metallurgical engineering. We compared the predicted results with experimental findings, and the comparison proved that our implementation is correct. The numerical result has good agreement with the experimental result in most testing cases. From the analysis, we found that turbulent dispersion and drag forces were of critical importance and had to be considered in simulations. The turbulent dispersion took into account the turbulence effect, and the drag forces considered two-way coupling and ensured the good position of the Eulerian–Eulerian equations. Wall lubrication and lift forces had to be considered to solve phase fraction accumulation near walls, especially for aspect ratio pipe flows. Under other conditions, lateral forces could be neglected without any problem.
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