Numerical prediction and optimization of aerodynamic noise of straw crushers by considering the straw-crushing process

Abstract

Straw crops are struck and broken into soft filaments by the high-speed rotating hammers of straw crushers, which disturb the internal airflow field and generate much noise during the operation of straw crushers. To accurately estimate and reduce the aerodynamic noise of straw crushers at the design stage, in this study, first, the coupling method of the discrete element method, bonded-particle model, and computational fluid dynamics were used to obtain the acoustics source data. Next, the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkins theory and the indirect boundary element method were used to predict the aerodynamic noise generated during the straw crushing process. The multi-island genetic algorithm was used to optimize the aerodynamic noise of straw crushers. The results indicate that the simulated and measured total sound pressure levels (TSPLs) at the outlet and inlet differed by 1.43 and 2.12 dB(A), respectively. Additionally, aerodynamic noise at the inlet appears to be primarily influenced by the sound pressure level at the excitation fundamental frequency, while noise at the outlet is primarily influenced by the sound pressure level at the double frequency. Higher sound pressure levels were mainly concentrated at the fundamental frequency and its lower harmonic frequencies, and the sound pressure level gradually decreased with the increase in the frequency. After optimization, the aerodynamic noise TSPL at the inlet decreased from 100.87 to 88.58 dB(A) and at the outlet decreased from 102.26 to 89.62 dB(A). This study provides a methodological reference for aerodynamic noise prediction and the design of low-noise straw crushers.