Abstract
At Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) the end-station PEAXIS (Photo Electron Analysis and X-ray resonant Inelastic Spectroscopy) combining Angle-dependent X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AdXPS) and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) is currently built. The latter method uses a spherical variable line space (VLS) grating to focus the beam onto the detector. Working in first-order diffraction allows resolving photon energy by transferring the energy-dependent signal to a position-dependent focal spot on the detector. Focusing requires a precise combination of various parameters of the VLS grating and the geometry of the RIXS spectrometer. The VLS grating was optimized by calculating the geometry parameters for different photon energies, simulating the instrument and evaluating the pattern on the detector. As figure of merit we chose the intensity times the square of the resolving power averaged over the photon energies.
Highlights
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) is a rapidly evolving technique to study inelastic processes using X-ray synchrotron beams
Focusing from the sample to the detector surface is crucial. This is realized by state-of-the-art photon optics, a spherical variable line space (VLS) grating
To find the best configuration, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) [11] is used: a number of individuals explores the parameter space, but they are influenced in their search by the results of other individuals
Summary
Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) is a rapidly evolving technique to study inelastic processes using X-ray synchrotron beams. At the BESSY II synchrotron, operated by the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), the PEAXIS end-station offering RIXS measurements [3] is currently under construction It combines Angle-dependent X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AdXPS) and RIXS measurements, both for solid and liquid samples, in a energy range of 200 – 1200 eV. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd doi:10.1088/1742-6596/738/1/012104 focusing from the sample to the detector surface is crucial This is realized by state-of-the-art photon optics, a spherical variable line space (VLS) grating. [2], instruments of different lengths and line densities were simulated using the program RAY [7] and performance compared In this way preliminary parameter sets for the two gratings were found and published [3]. This algorithm was transferred from the simulation package VITESS 3 [8] and adapted to the requirements for the optimization of a RIXS instrument using RAY
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