Numerical one-dimensional investigation on GDI engine using LPG,water-ethanol-gasoline micro-emulsion fuel and Hydrogen, for net zero carbon emissions

Abstract

The current issue of pollution has prompted researchers to reconsider emission control measures, leading many countries to focus on the development of Euro VII Emission Regulations. The present study aims to contribute to this goal by exploring ways to reduce emissions while improving performance. To achieve this, one-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted using AVL Boost software to predict the emission characteristics and performance of a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fuelled with LPG, water-gasoline emulsion, and hydrogen in dual fuel mode. Specifically, the study compares the performance of 100 % LPG and 100 % hydrogen with that of a water-based gasoline emulsion fuel consisting of 90 % gasoline, 8 % ethanol, and 2 % water (H2O 2 %). The geometrical properties of the GDI engine were kept consistent with those of the test rig. The results obtained from the numerical simulations demonstrate that the use of 100 % hydrogen and 100 % LPG significantly enhances the overall performance of the engine. Notably, hydrogen fuel exhibits a 50 % increase in brake power compared to the water–ethanol-gasoline emulsion fuel. Furthermore, 100 % LPG fuel generates 33 % more power than the emulsion fuel. Additionally, Hydrogen demonstrates a 30 % reduction in fuel consumption compared to micro emulsion fuel, while LPG exhibits a 15 % decrease in fuel usage compared to micro emulsion fuel. The study also examines the emission characteristics of the alternative fuels. Once again, 100 % hydrogen fuel proves to be the most efficient, producing zero carbon-based emissions. In comparison, 100 % LPG fuel emits 20 % less carbon monoxide and 15 % less hydrocarbon than the emulsion-based fuel.