Numerical Modelling of Soil-Nail and Secant Pile in Plaxis 2D: A Case Study of Tomb of Jam Nizam-al-Din Samoo, Makkli Thatta

Syed Raghib Abbas Shah,Tauha Hussain Ali,Muhammad Rehan Hakro,Aneel Kumar,Mohammad Achar Zardari

doi:10.2478/cee-2021-0070

Syed Raghib Abbas Shah, Tauha Hussain Ali + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2021-0070

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Abstract

Abstract The majority of historical heritage structures of Makli, Thatta require rehabilitation. As the Tomb of Jam Nizam-al-Din Samoo is near the slope’s edge, the settlement increased due to slope degradation. This study aims to investigate the effect of structural elements such as secant pile and structural nails on the settlement of Tomb. From this study, it was observed that with the installation of secant piles on the slope, Tomb’s settlement can be reduced considerably; moreover, the anchors did not have an appreciable role in the settlement. The secant pile of 12 m sufficient to reduce settlement. This will be economical and easy approach as compare to the retaining wall. The Factor of safety (FOS) reduced from 1.36 to 1.10 with increase of slope from 45 to 35. The FOS of slope also increased with the installation of nails from east side of slope. The will reduce the chances of slope failure and consequently the tilting/collapse of Tomb.

Highlights

The geological climate has an integral effect on historical monuments
Makli is one of the world's largest burial grounds, containing funereal tombs of rulers, warriors, saints, and their clans. It was first known as a funeral site in the 14th century, after the ruling monarchs used it as a burial ground for four centuries
This paper presents the results of efforts to evaluate the installation of a secant pile on the safety and stability of an ancient tomb located near the slope

Summary

Introduction

Several complex geological processes (weathering/erosion, surface movements, and earthquakes) significantly affect the stability of such structures throughout their lifetime [1]. The movement of the earth's soil, its differential settlement, its rotation, or any other consequence of the structure's contact with the soil causes structural damage to the architectural heritage. It is essential to examine every structure for shear resistance as well as underlying settlements [2,3,4]. Makli is one of the world's largest burial grounds, containing funereal tombs of rulers, warriors, saints, and their clans. It was first known as a funeral site in the 14th century, after the ruling monarchs used it as a burial ground for four centuries. According to UNESCO [4], this is currently designated as a safe world heritage site by UNESCO [4]

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