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Abstract
Piled foundations could be affected negatively as a result of passive loadings caused by nearby soil movement-induced activities, and failure of piles could happen in some sever cases. This paper deals with the numerical analysis of passively loaded pile groups and piled raft in sand. The complexity involved in such problems due to pile–soil, pile–pile, pile–cap, soil–cap, and moving soil-stable soil interaction needs a powerful tool to make three dimensional analysis possible. In the current study, PLAXIS 3D software was used to back analyse laboratory tests carried out by the authors. “Embedded pile” feature in which the pile is represented by beam elements, while soil-pile interaction along the pile shaft and at the pile tip is described by special interface elements was employed. The Mohr–Coulomb elastic–plastic constitutive model was used to describe the sand behaviour. Although an overestimation of the predicted deflection was obtained, the general trend of bending moment profiles of piles was in a reasonable agreement with those obtained experimentally. A number of limitations were identified as possible reasons behind the overestimation of the predicted deflections. Furthermore, parametric studies are adopted to consider the effects of pile diameter, pile–soil stiffness and pile group configuration on the response of passively loaded pile groups.
Highlights
The negative effects of soil movement-induced activities on human life, economics and environment are of considerable threat, and a lot of researches were made to prevent or reduce the damage impact associated with soil movements (Galli and di Prisco 2012)
PLAXIS 3D has been widely used to investigate the response of pile foundations under various loading conditions, a limited information is available concerning the ability of ‘‘embedded pile’’ feature, in which the pile is represented by beam elements surrounded by special interface elements, to simulate the response of passively loaded pile groups
A series of runs were carried out utilising the ‘‘embedded pile’’ feature provided by PLAXIS 3D software aimed to investigate the response of capped-head passively loaded pile groups under uniform and triangular soil movement profiles
Summary
The negative effects of soil movement-induced activities on human life, economics and environment are of considerable threat, and a lot of researches were made to prevent or reduce the damage impact associated with soil movements (Galli and di Prisco 2012). Field investigations showed that soil movement distributions may take several shapes depending on the soil type and the activity. In most cases, these movements take rectangular or triangular profiles. Due to the interaction effect of soil, piles and pile cap parameters which could result in an unexpected behaviour of pile groups, analytical studies carried out on single isolated piles might not be appropriate to adopt for pile groups. A series of runs were carried out utilising the ‘‘embedded pile’’ feature provided by PLAXIS 3D software aimed to investigate the response of capped-head passively loaded pile groups under uniform and triangular soil movement profiles. Parametric studies were conducted to figure out the influence of pile diameter, pile–soil stiffness and pile group arrangement on the behaviour of pile groups subjected to uniform soil movements
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