Abstract
AbstractThis paper presents a coupled wave–vegetation model for simulating the interaction between water waves and submerged flexible plants. The balance of forces for the vegetation motion includes buoyancy, damping, stiffness of the vegetation, and gravity as restoring forces, and drag and inertia as driving forces. The governing equation for vegetation motion is solved by the high-order finite element method (FEM) together with an implicit time differencing scheme. The results of the vegetation model exhibit a fourth-order convergence rate. The vegetation-induced drag and inertia are introduced into the wave model as a source term in the momentum equation. This coupled model is rigorously verified by comparing numerical results with theoretical solutions for single swaying vegetation cases and with experimental data for large-scale swaying vegetation cases. Excellent agreement is achieved. A scaling analysis is performed on the governing equation for vegetation motion to understand the importance of ea...
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