Abstract
Arthritis is a degenerative disease that primarily affects the cartilage and meniscus of the knee joint. External acoustic stimulation is used to treat this disease. This article presents a numerical model of the knee joint aimed at the computer-aided study of the regenerative effects of shockwave treatment. The presented model was verified and validated. A numerical analysis of the conditions for the regeneration of the tissues of the knee joint under shockwave action was conducted. The results allow us to conclude that to obtain the conditions required for the regeneration of cartilage tissues and meniscus (compressive stresses above the threshold value of 0.15 MPa to start the process of chondrogenesis; distortional strains above the threshold value of 0.05% characterized by the beginning of the differentiation of the tissues in large volumes; fluid pressure corresponding to the optimal level of 68 kPa to transfer tissue cells in large volumes), the energy flux density of therapeutic shockwave loading should exceed 0.3 mJ/mm2.
Highlights
Degenerative diseases of the knee joint, such as arthritis and others, significantly reduce a person’s quality of life
To describe the mechanical behavior of biological tissues, we used the model of a poroelastic body, implemented in the method of movable cellular automata (MCA) [30,31], which is an efficient method of computational particle mechanics
In the MCA method, a solid is considered as an ensemble of discrete elements of finite size that interact with each other according to certain rules, which, within the particle approach, and due to many body interaction forces, describe the deformation behavior of the material as an isotropic elastoplastic body
Summary
Degenerative diseases of the knee joint, such as arthritis and others, significantly reduce a person’s quality of life. The cartilage plates and meniscus have the function of redefining the loads and helping dissipate the energy obtained as a result of the dynamic effect on the joint. These structural elements of the knee joint are most susceptible to degenerative arthritic changes. That is why the problems of regeneration of cartilaginous plates and meniscus are given a lot of attention in modern medicine Most acutely, this problem affects the elderly, in whom, due to age, degradation processes begin to appear in the soft tissues and bone tissues of the joints. Former athletes are highly susceptible to degenerative changes They have a high level of abrasion of cartilage tissue and soft tissue trauma (meniscus rupture). Shockwave treatment is one of the methods of external exposure therapy [6]
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