Numerical modeling and simulation of machining of 3D printed CFRP composite

Abstract

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites are gaining popularity in recent years for their high specific strength and superior performance under extreme conditions. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing of CFRP composites has added a new dimension to the existing research of CFRP composites. However, one of the caveats of 3D printed CFRP composites is that the dimensional accuracy and the surface finish achieved fail to meet the standard tolerance requirement. To achieve the desired accuracy further post-process machining is required. However, machining an anisotropic material such as 3D printed CFRP composites impose challenges. This study aims at investigating the machining behavior and post-processing capability of 3D printed CFRP using numerical modeling and simulation using ABAQUS/Explicit, a commercially available powerful finite element analysis (FEA) software package. Influence of machining parameters, such as feed and depth of cut (DOC) and 3D printing parameter, such as percentage of overlap between adjacent passes have been studied. The post-processing capability or machining behavior of 3D printed CFRP has been evaluated by dependent parameters, such as, cutting forces, strain, chip and burr formation, and the resultant surface topology. With the use of proper damage parameters, such as, ductile and shear damage and Johnson-Cook criterion for plasticity, a 3D model was developed in the FEA. Eight layers were stacked with the orientation of 45°-135°-45°-135°. The layers were joined using cohesive properties. Damage in the cohesive bonds was also defined using the quadratic damage criterion to model delamination. To capture the changes in elemental level, linear tetrahedral elements C3D4T, were used. A reference point on the bottom layer was used to capture the history of cutting forces. The cutting and thrust forces increased with the increase of DOC and feed. The rigidity, shape of the flutes and print direction influenced chip formation. Finally, the proposed model was used to observe the quality of surface finish.