Numerical investigations on the testing and selection of different phase change materials for peak load reduction in buildings of Indian climates

Abstract

Load reduction on the power grid under peak conditions can reduce the cost of power infrastructure. The building's heating or cooling is of particular interest, given that they form a large part of the load. Phase change materials (PCMs) have the potential to accomplish peak load reduction in this respect. When encapsulated into the building walls, these can store heat at peak hours and release it at off-peak hours; thus flattening the temperature fluctuations across the day. This paper highlights the applicability of various PCMs (ClimSel C, PlusICE S, and Rubitherm RT) to different Indian climate zones (Cold, Composite, Hot-dry, Moderate, and Warm-humid) and different cities (Ahmedabad, Delhi, and Shimla). Additionally, a novel double-layer design is proposed to allow the use of separate PCMs for the winter and summer climates. All these studies (transient) are accomplished numerically using ANSYS Fluent 2020 . It is concluded that the selection of PCM is crucial for various climatic conditions, as the building's thermal performance is affected by the PCM melting point. Thus PCMs are the potential candidates to reduce the peak loads of Indian buildings.