Abstract
Based on the basic principle of energy conservation and electron disk beam–wave interaction equation, combined with the characteristic impedance and quality factor of the oscillator, a self-consistent nonlinear theoretical model of extended interaction oscillators (EIOs) is obtained. Taking the W-band EIO as an example, the effects of operating parameters and structural parameters on the oscillation, output power, and electron conversion efficiency of the extended interaction oscillator are analyzed. The numerical implementation of this model shows that the electron beam–wave synchronization interaction is a basic prerequisite for the oscillator to start, the positive feedback to energy in the resonator is a necessary condition for spontaneous oscillations, the distribution of electric field amplitude on each gap directly affects the beam–wave interaction efficiency and output power, and the electron trajectories in all gaps at steady state illustrate the conversion efficiency. At an operating voltage of 18 kV and a direct current of 0.5 A, a seven-gap EIO model with an output power of 2629 W and electron efficiency over 29% is predicted for gradually increased electric field amplitude distribution on each cavity.
Highlights
The extended interaction oscillator is a kind of vacuum electronic device that combines the advantages of klystron and a traveling wave tube
In order to effectively demonstrate this physical phenomenon of electrons in the process of bunching and interaction, this paper introduces motion equations to track the trajectory of each electron separately, describes the energy coupling between the electron beam and microwave field in the resonator through scitation.org/journal/adv the beam–wave interaction equation, and obtains a self-consistent nonlinear theoretical model combined with the basic principle of self-excitation saturation in the cavity
The theoretical simulation results show that the period length and its corresponding synchronous voltage are the fundamental prerequisites for the beam–wave interaction, which means that the beam–wave interaction may convert electron energy into field energy
Summary
The extended interaction oscillator is a kind of vacuum electronic device that combines the advantages of klystron and a traveling wave tube. It has the characteristics of a wide bandwidth and a large power capacity and has become an important high-power source device in the millimeter wave to terahertz band.. The influence of the velocity of the electron beam and the period length, the number of gaps, the space charge force, and other factors on the beam–wave synchronization and coupling mechanism are worthy of further research.. Li et al described the excitation equation of the operating mode under the action of electrons and combined the motion equation to obtain a physical model of the beam–wave interaction in a single gap oscillator.. Taking the W-band seven-gap EIO as an example for simulation, the effects of the structural parameters and operating parameters for the EIO on its output power, electronic conversion efficiency, and start-up time are discussed
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