Abstract
A computational method has been developed to simulate gas nozzle e ows expanding in vibrational nonequilibrium. Comparisons of the effect of nonequilibrium on e owe eld variables are made with available experimental data. Several experimental investigations of expanding nitrogen e owe elds are simulated and compared. Signie cant changes in the properties of e owe elds with a large degree of nonequilibrium are predicted. Nonequilibrium velocities in excess of the equilibrium values are predicted for the initial expansion process. Vibrational nonequilibrium in oxidizer-rich core e ows of hydrogen ‐ oxygen rocket engines is then investigated computationally. Vibrational relaxation rate data of oxygen in combustion product gases are obtained from experimental data, empirical correlations, and extensions of available theory. Nonequilibrium e owe eld effects are computed and shown to be minor in terms of performance losses caused by relatively rapid vibrational relaxation of oxygen in the product gas mix. Temperature measurements based upon vibrational population are subject to signie cant error, however. Uncertainty in the relaxation rate of oxygen in water vapor leads to large ranges in computational results.
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