Abstract
Vertical jet in flowing water is a common phenomenon in daily life. To study the flow and turbulent characteristics of different jet orifice shapes and under different velocity ratios, the realizable k-ε turbulent model was adopted to analyze the three-dimensional (3D) flow, turbulence, and vortex characteristics using circular, square, and rectangular jet orifices and velocity ratios of 2, 5, 10, and 15. The following conclusions were drawn: The flow trajectory of the vertical jet in the channel exhibits remarkable 3D characteristics, and the jet orifice and velocity ratio have a significant influence on the flow characteristics of the channel. The heights at which the spiral deflection and maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) occur for the circular jet are the smallest, while those for square jets are the largest. As the shape of the jet orifice changes from a circle to a square and then to a rectangle, the shape formed by the plane of the kidney vortices and the region above it gradually changes from a circle to a pentagon. With the increase in the velocity ratio, the 3D characteristics, maximum TKE, and kidney vortex coverage of the flow all gradually increase.
Highlights
In real life, it is a typical vertical jet that pollutants such as waste gas and wastewater enter the river through the riverbed
The trajectory of the jet deflects, which moves along the direction of the open channel while rising, due to the influence of the original flowing water in the open channel when the jet flows from the riverbed into the open channel environment
The trajectory of the jet deflects, which moves along the direction of the open channel while rising, due to the influence of the original flowing water when the jet flows from the riverbed into the water environment flowing in the open channel
Summary
It is a typical vertical jet that pollutants such as waste gas and wastewater enter the river through the riverbed. When a high-velocity flow is ejected from a pipeline into a low-velocity water environment, a vertical jet is formed. Different researchers have conducted numerous studies on the flow characteristics and pollutant diffusion characteristics when there is a vertical jet in flowing water [1,2,3,4,5]. Scorer [6] is arguably the first person who noticed the presence of a counterrotating vortex in a vertical jet. He pointed out that a pair of counterrotating kidney vortices exist in the channel when a small circular orifice emits a high-velocity flow. Smith and Mungal [12] employed a planar laser-induced fluorescence technology (PLIF) technique to divide the Energies 2020, 13, 1505; doi:10.3390/en13061505 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies
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