Numerical investigation of the impact of gas and cooling flow configurations on current and water distributions in a polymer membrane fuel cell through a pseudo-two-dimensional diphasic model

Abstract

For optimal performances, proton exchange membrane fuel cells require fine water and thermal management. Accurate modelling of the physical phenomena occurring in the fuel cell is a key issue to improve fuel cell technology. Here, an analytic steady state diphasic 2D model of heat and mass transfer is presented. Through this model, the aim of this work is to study the influence of local events on the global performances of a fuel cell. A part of the complete model is a microscopic representation of the coupling between water transport and charge transfers in the electrodes. The thickness of the liquid layer around the reactive agglomerates is deduced from the saturation. The evolution of the quantity of water within the catalyst layer is monitored and its influence on the global performances of the cell is investigated. In gas diffusion layers (GDLs), liquid and vapour water transport through are computed regarding the temperature. The flow direction of cooling water modifies the current density distribution along the cell. The impact of the direction of air and hydrogen feeding channels are investigated. It can modify greatly the fuel cell mean current density and the net water transport coefficient. The counter-flow mode was preferable. Likewise, thanks to a better membrane hydration, it results in independent performances regarding the hydrogen inlet relative humidity or stoichiometry.