Numerical investigation of the Gaussian pulses propagating in optical fibers with refractive indices stochastically changed due to environmental conditions

Abstract

Current optical communication systems have been usually deployed in different physical environments. All environmental conditions have different physical characteristics that can significantly influence transmission properties of these systems. In this article, we focus on possible temperature effects on the refractive indices of optical fibers and their transmission characteristics. The article also attempts to determine the impact of thermal effects caused by the propagation of optical radiation through optical fiber. We discuss the impact of the stochastic changes in susceptibilities and consequently nonlinear effects occurring in optical fibers and influencing the propagation of optical pulses. As input pulses the Gaussian pulses of intensities exceeding intensities of atomic electric fields in the fibers have been taken into account. For such pulses the refractive index changes can become nonlinear, especially in case when considerable environmental changes of temperature can occur. The numerical studies of the pulse propagations in such nonlinear environmental conditions have been performed in this article. Stochastic changes in temperature lead to changes in the phase shift which can influence the spreading of the pulse spectrum due to SPM. The aim is to simulate the final effect at pulse shape and spectrum of propagated Gaussian pulses.