Abstract
Abstract In recent years, a progressive interest in the implementation of wireless access to cardiovascular implants has been established. This manifests in new devices, such as arterial pressure sensors, or additional functionalities added to established implants like stents. However, common stent designs, possessing highly optimized mechanical properties, often consist of cylindrically arranged struts with connections in-between which can be considered as short-circuited inductive coils. As a consequence, the small inductance raises the resonance frequency, which may decrease the in vivo performance of the wireless connection between the stent and the external readout device. Thus, new designs were developed to overcome this limitation, for example by avoiding the short-circuit due to a helical arrangement of the struts. Within this work we compare the performance of a common stent design and a helical design by means of numerical simulations. We are using two designs which only differ in the arrangement of the struts. The electromagnetic and mechanical properties are investigated using a finitedifference time-domain algorithm and finite element method, respectively. We will show that a common stent design exhibits resonance frequencies in the gigahertz regime, much higher than the frequencies of comparable helical designs. Furthermore, we compare the mechanical performance of the two designs and reveal individual distinctions in the radial stiffness, bending stiffness, and the von Mises stress.
Highlights
Providing wireless access to implants opens up new possibilities in early diagnosis and on demand therapies
To obtain the bending stiffness, the struts, terminating the stent at one end, were fixed and the struts on the opposite end were deflected by 1 mm in maximum
Within this work we developed two stent designs, a helix and a reference design, to allow for a direct comparison of the mechanical properties between a helical stent and conventional design possessing interconnected struts
Summary
Providing wireless access to implants opens up new possibilities in early diagnosis and on demand therapies. In the last year much progress was made in developing new passive in vivo sensor devices and integrating passive sensors in established implant technology. There are efforts to integrate sensor technology into stents [3]. Such stents have to fulfill new requirements in addition to the originally intended purpose. They have to satisfy the mechanical requirements, and need to provide wireless access and in consequence act as an electromagnetic resonator. The mechanical as well as the electromagnetic properties, are highly influenced by the stent design
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