Abstract
We carry out numerical simulations of self-propelled single fish and two fish arranged in tandem and staggered for various Reynolds numbers ( Re ) using a tail-beat frequency control method, and investigate the distribution characteristics of jet in the wake of a single fish and the influence of the jet induced by the upstream fish on the downstream fish. The results show that the strength of the jet decreases as Re increases, the length of jet zone increases as Re increases. When one fish situates directly behind another one and the distance between them is small, the downstream fish experiences a drag enhancement, but the power consumption is reduced which is opposite to the previous assumption. With the increase of the distance, the drag of the downstream fish decreases gradually till smaller than that for a single fish and the effect of energy saving is more significant. The results will be beneficial to our indepth understanding of the energy-saving mechanism and the optimal arrangement in fish school.
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